ABSTRACT
Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of inhibition of TGF-beta/smad signaling on the expression profiles of miR-335, miR-150, miR-194, miR-27a, miR-199a of hepatic stellate cells [HSCs]
Background: Liver fibrosis is excessive deposition of extracellular matrix proteins due to ongoing inflammation and HSC activation that occurs in most types of chronic liver diseases. Recent studies have shown the importance of microRNAs in the pathogenesis of chronic liver diseases
Methods: In this study, for inhibition of TGF-beta smad-signaling pathway, expressing Smad4 shRNA plasmids were transfected into HSCs. Subsequently, using Real Time-PCR, we measured the expression levels of miR-335, miR-150, miR-194, miR-27a and miR- 199a
Results: Gene expression analysis showed that downregulation of Smad4 by vector Smad4shRNA significantly increased the expression levels of miR-335 [P<0.01] and miR-150 [P<0.001] and decreased the expression level of miR-27a [P<0.05]
Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that blocking TGF-beta smad-signaling can also differentially modulate microRNA expression in support of activation and fibrogenesis of HSCs
ABSTRACT
Background: Detection and quantification of human Papillomavirus [HPV] genome in oral carcinoma play an important role in diagnosis, as well as implications for progression of disease
Methods: We evaluated tissues from 50 esopharyngeal cancers collected from different regions of Iran for HPV E6 using the two type-specific primers sets. E6 gene of HPV genotypes was amplified by specific primers. The sensitivity of PCR assay was analyzed and determined using HPV-DNA-containing plasmids. Real-time PCR was utilized to determine the prevalence and HPV viral load in patients with oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma
Results: Eighteen [36%] specimens were positive for HPV. Among the 18 positive specimens, 10 showed HPV-18 [55.55%], and 8 specimens were positive for HPV-11 [44.44%]. Of the 18 infected specimens, 6 [33.32%] and 12 [66.65%] were identified as high-titer and low-titer viral load, respectively
Conclusions: The PCR-based assay, developed in the current study, could be used for HPV detection, quantification, and genotyping in epidemiological and clinical studies
ABSTRACT
In this study, to clarify the SMAD4 blocking impact on fibrosis process, we investigated its down regulation by shRNA on activated human LX-2 cell, in vitro. Liver fibrosis is a critical consequence of chronic damage to the liver that can progress toward advanced diseases, liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma [HCC]. Different SMAD proteins play as major mediators in the fibrogenesis activity of hepatic stellate cells through TGF-beta pathways, but the extent of SMAD4 as a co-SMAD protein remained less clear. vector expressing verified shRNA targeting human SMAD4 gene was transfected into LX-2 cells. The GFP expressing plasmid was transfected in the same manner as a control group while leptin treated cells were employed as positive controls. Subsequently, total RNA was extracted and real-time PCR was performed to measure the mRNA levels of SMAD4, COL-1A1, alpha-SMA, TGF-beta and TIMP-1. Furthermore, trypan blue exclusion was performed to test the effect of plasmid transfection and SMAD4 shutting-down on cellular viability. The results indicated that the expression of SMAD4was down-regulated following shRNA transfection into LX-2 cells [P<0.001]. The gene expression analysis of fibrotic genes in LX-2 cells showed that SMAD4 blocking by shRNA significantly reduced the expression level of fibrotic genes when compared to control plasmids [P<0.001]. Vector expressing SMAD4-shRNA induced no significant cytotoxic or proliferative effects on LX-2 cells as determined by viability assay [P<0.05]. The results of this study suggested that knockdown of SMAD4 expression in stellate cell can control the progression of fibrogenesis through TGF-beta pathway blocking